2. Radiosondes, Rawinsondes and Pibals



Pibals and Theodolites

This site is provided by Martin Brenne of California State University Long Beach. Includes information and links on pibals, theodolites, procedures and related items.



Rawinsonde and Pibal Observations (FMH No. 3)

Prepared by the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology. This Handbook prescribes federal standards for taking rawinsonde and pibal observations; for processing the observations; and for encoding, telecommunicating, and archiving the data. Also provided are procedures for quality control throughout the various phases of data acquisition, processing, and dissemination.


Upper Air Observation Stations, North American

This site provided by The Eastern Region Headquarters, of the National Weather Serivce, giving a map of upper air observation stations in the United States and Canada.



Upper Air Observations Program, the National Weather Service's


This site is provided by the National Weather Service (NWS), and addresses the radiosonde upper-air program operated in the United States, Pacific Islands and Caribbean Sea. Includes:

  1. the NWS Radiosonde Observations Factsheet


  2. a map of the North American upper air network.




Upper Air Observations, Tutorial on

This site is provided by the:Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology Includes lengthy discussion about radiosondes/rawinsondes and pibals as well as detailed information on the federal standards for taking rawinsonde and pibal observations.


Atmospheric Observation, Tools for

This site is provided by the The National Center for Atmospheric Research.

Information on a recent technological device called the aerosonde can be found Here. This information is provided by Professor Judith Curry, of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, at Georgia Institute of Technology.

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Last updated March 24, 2006.